Abstract:

Introduction: intramural hematoma of the aortic wall is a component of acute aortic syndrome, and is also considered a precursor of aortic dissection. Due to peculiarities of the natural course, there are significant disagreements in choosing the optimal strategy for the treatment of intramural hematoma.

Aim: was to evaluate the possibility of a differential tactical approach to the treatment of acute intramural aortic hematoma in various situations.

Material and methods: two clinical cases demonstrate different approaches to the treatment of intramural aortic hematoma.

Results: in given clinical examples, a conservative tactics of managing patients with intramural hematoma of the aorta "watch and wait" was applied. However, in the first case, an emergency surgical intervention was required, due to the complicated course of the disease, according to dynamic studies. The second case demonstrated the acceptability of a conservative approach with long-term monitoring of the condition of the aortic wall.

Conclusions: the balance between risks of surgery and the safety of conservative therapy is the cornerstone in deciding on the optimal tactics for treating this pathology.

Abstract

Aim: was to estimate condition of aorta branches in case of aortic dissection, using multislice computed tomography (MSCT): we estimated frequency and type of changes of main branches of the aorta involved in the dissection.

Material and methods: a retrospective analysis of 104 patients with aortic dissection (AD) was performed. All patients were admitted to Scientific-Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after N.V Sklifosovsky All studies were carried out on a multispiral (80x0.5) tomograph in early stages of the disease.

Results: MSCT method allowed to obtain data of the high frequency of transition of aortic dissection to main branches (63.5%), mainly to iliac arteries (81% and 77% of aortic dissection type A and B respectively), both in isolation and in combination with other branches. However, the frequency of occurrence of hemodynamically significant stenosis, both static and dynamic, was significantly higher in groups of visceral branches and brachiocephalic arteries (82% and 71%, respectively).

Conclusion: the CT method allows to evaluate in detail the lumen of the aorta and branches of aorta, and to determine type and degree of stenosis of aortic branches involved in the dissection. Revealed patterns of combining of involvement in different groups of aortic branches in the pathological process, allow to procced more optimized diagnostic search for complications of dissection, including MSCT.

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Abstract:

Aim: was to analyze long-term resuts of true lumen reconstruction in complicated aortic dissections type В with help of balloon-expandable stents under intravascular ultrasonic (IVUS) guidance as a preoperative evaluation of anatomy and morphology of lesion.

Materials and methods: 47 patients witn type В aortiс dissections underwent endovascular treatment in our departmert n 20 cases - IVUS was used for irtraoperative anatomy and morphology verification. Complications developed n 16 patients, and true lumen was reconstructed by stent-graft implantation (to cover proximal fenestration) followed by balloon-expandable stents implantation at the level of visceral arteries under IVUS control at every stage. 87,5% of patents were man, mean ago 51 8—16,2 years.

Results: Technical success was 100% True lumen total reconstruction was reached in every case under precise IVUS control. Visceral arteries malperfusion was not observed at hospital period or follow-up. З0-day mortality rate was 6,25% (1 case due to aortic rupture in uncovered part of aorta - 7 days after procedure). All 15 discharged patients survived for 1st year. Mean follow-up period is 3,3±1,6 years. One patient died due to aortobronchial fistula, 1 due to repeated stroke and 1 due to cancer. At CT-scan 2 years after implantation (10 cases) fractures of balloon-expandable stents were observed, without аnу influence on intraluminal size or stenotic lesion. True lumen size stayed stable for 1 year.

Conclusion: true lumen reconstruction under IVUS control seems to be feasible and effective in complicated Type B dissections, even with the use of balloon-expandable stents. The usage of additional intraoperative visualization - intraaortic IVUS is the key point in the development of advanced endovascular methods.

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Abstract:

Aortic aneurysms and dissections are life threatening problems and pose significant management challenges. Open operative repair is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and this has prompted an increasing interest in endoluminal solutions. There are well known and potentially catastrophic complications associated with failure to achieve a seal proximally at the time of insertion and with dislocation of the prosthesis.

A technique to improve fixation of the prosthesis in patients with short aortic “necks” in open and endoluminal procedures would be to staple the prosthesis to the aortic wall. A stapler would only be of value, especially for endoluminal procedures, if it could achieve transmural fixation with only endoluminal access.

It became possible because of the stapler construction, containing staples made from memory-shaped metals, which can form the rings after discharge.

The technology was designed by Australian company Endogene Pty. Ltd. in Russian and Australian research laboratories.

The study was performed over 6 years in separate experiments on 7 adult mongrel male dogs (average weight 20 kg), 5 sheep (average weight 47 kg) and 12 pigs (average weight 68 kg). Access to abdominal aorta was obtained by central laparotomy, with the animals under general anaesthesia (sodium phentobarbital, 30 mg/kg).

The deployment of the new stapler technology for graft fixation inside of animal aorta was successfully performed. The time taken for the procedure i.e., from introduction of the stapler into the aorta to removal was less than one minute. Observation of the anastomosis revealed complete staple penetration of the aortic wall and ring formation of the individual staples. There was no evidence of unexpected damage to the aortic wall and there was no bleeding at the sites of penetration of the staples through the aortic wall. In addition, there was no evidence of migration of the attached graft, or signs of thrombus formation or focal haemorrhages within the aortic wall.

The Endogene Pty. Ltd. stapler technique has been successfully used in an animal model with secure graft fixation being easily obtained.

Further research is required before this technology can achieve clinical application. 

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Abstract:

Authors present their first 3 cases of thoracoabdominal aneurysm hybrid repair. Endovascular procedure and open surgery were used either simultaneously, or as the steps of reconstruction.

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